Hipotiroidismo o hipotiroidismo subclínico como factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular

Objetivo: Determinar si el hipotiroidismo clínico o subclínico son factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular en pacientes atendidos en el servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo.” Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico, incluyó a 108 pacientes adultos atendidos en el consultorio del servicio de Medicina Interna. Según los criterios de selección se dividió en 2 grupos, pacientes con hipotiroidismo o hipotiroidismo subclínico y otro grupo de pacientes eutiroideos. Se evaluó si los pacientes desarrollaron enfermedad cardiovascular. Resultados: De la muestra de 108 participantes, en el grupo de pacientes hipotiroideos conformado 60 participantes se encontró que 13 pacientes, 21.7%, desarrollaron enfermedad cardiovascular, los 47 estudiados restante, 78.3%, cursaron sin patología cardiovascular. En el grupo de eutiroideo constituido por 48 pacientes; 12 estudiados, es decir 25%, desarrolló la variable respuesta, por el contrario, 36 participantes restante, 75%, cursaron sin enfermedad cardiovascular. En el análisis multivariado se evidencio que la tensión arterial en rango normal o normal alto es un factor asociado a la disminución del riesgo de desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular (RPa= 0.29; IC=95%=0.10 a 0.80; valor de p=0.01). La patología diagnosticada con mayor frecuencia en los pacientes con hipotiroidismo fue la hipertensión arterial, 11 de 13 pacientes presentaron dicha enfermedad. Conclusiones: El hipotiroidismo o hipotiroidismo subclínico no son factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular. La patología cardiovascular que se diagnosticó con mayor frecuencia en la población hipotiroidea y eutiroidea fue la hipertensión arterialObjective: To investigate whether clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism poses a risk for cardiovascular disease in patients who have received care at the Internal Medicine Department of the Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Internal Medicine Department, with a sample size of 108 adult patients. The patients were divided into two groups based on the selection criteria: one group comprising patients with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism, and the other group consisting of euthyroid patients. The study aimed to assess the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Results In the sample of 108 participants, the hypothyroid group of 60 participants indicated that 13 patients, constituting 21.7%, developed cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, the remaining 47 patients, or 78.3%, did not report CVD. The euthyroid group, which consisted of 48 patients, saw 12 patients (25%) develop the response variable while the other 36 participants (75%) did not show any signs of cardiovascular disease. Multivariate analysis indicated that maintaining blood pressure within the normal or high normal range is associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease (RPa= 0.29; CI=95%=0.10 to 0.80; p-value=0.01). Hypertension was the most commonly diagnosed pathology in patients with hypothyroidism, with 11 out of 13 patients having hypertension. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism do not pose a risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The most commonly diagnosed cardiovascular condition among both hypothyroid and euthyroid populations is hypertensionTesi

El valor universal excepcional de los sitios de memoria de la esclavitud en Cuba

This paper discusses the Outstanding Universal Value of a tentative serial nomination of Cuban properties related with slavery, the research starts from the inventory of identified properties and addresses the study of their integrity, authenticity and values, as well as their management and comparative analysis, in correspondence with the postulates of the World Heritage Convention.En este artículo se fundamenta el Valor Universal Excepcional de una serie de bienes relacionados con la esclavitud en Cuba que pueden contribuir a una mayor representatividad del tema en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial; la investigación parte del inventario de bienes identificados y aborda el estudio de su integridad, autenticidad y valores, así como su gestión y análisis comparativo, en correspondencia con los postulados de la Convención para la protección del Patrimonio Mundial, Cultural y Natural

Reliable Multicast Transport for Heterogeneous Mobile IP environment using Cross-Layer Information

Reliable multicast transport architecture designed for heterogeneous mobile IP environment using cross-layer information for enhanced Quality of Service (QoS) and seamless handover is discussed. In particular, application-specific reliable multicast retransmission schemes are proposed, which are aimed to minimize the protocol overhead taking into account behaviour of mobile receivers (loss of connectivity and handover) and the specific application requirements for reliable delivery (such as carousel, one-to-many download and streaming delivery combined with recording). The proposed localized retransmission strategies are flexible configured for tree-based multicast transport. Cross layer interactions in order to enhance reliable transport and support seamless handover is discussed considering IEEE 802.21 media independent handover mechanisms. The implementation is based on Linux IPv6 environment. Simulations in ns2 focusing on the benefits of the proposed multicast retransmission schemes for particular application scenarios are presented

El gobierno electrónico local y la gestión de transparencia de la Municipalidad Distrital de Marcará, Ancash – 2020

La actual investigación tuvo como objetivo general analizar la situación del gobierno electrónico local y la gestión de transparencia de la Municipalidad Distrital de Marcará, Ancash – 2020. Teniendo como participantes, la primera relacionada con 40 trabajadores de la municipalidad, la segunda con la participación de los ciudadanos compuesta por 20 ciudadanos quienes visitan la plataforma web por cada mes y finalmente la fuente es la documentación (digital y física) durante el periodo 2019. Se usó un enfoque cualitativo, con un diseño de estudio de casos las cuales son: el estudio de casos sobre el gobierno electrónico local y el estudio de casos sobre la gestión de transparencia, se empleó 3 técnicas una es la entrevista, el análisis de documentos y la encuesta; como instrumentos , la guía de entrevista que se utilizó en los trabajadores, también se tiene la ficha de observación que se realizó para realizar la revisión documentaria (digital y física) durante el periodo 2019 y el cuestionario para conocer si coincide la información brindada a los ciudadanos con la documentación. El resultados fueron procesados cualitativamente en matrices y finalmente se realizó el proceso de triangulación de los 3 instrumentos aplicados, en la que se analizó la situación del gobierno electrónico local y la gestión de transparencia de la Municipalidad de Marcará, que se encuentra en un nivel bajo ya que el portal web no tiene funcionamiento desde meses atrás debido a que se encuentra en una reestructuración, y con este problema la Municipalidad no informa por un medio informático que es el portal web a la población, presentándose problemas en la gestión de transparencia

Evaluación experimental de unidades sílico-calcáreas a partir de escoria de alto horno y cal hidráulica para mampostería

El presente artículo estudia la posibilidad de fabricar elementos sílico-calcáreos para mampostería a partir de dos tipos de materias primas como son las escorias de Alto Horno y las cales hidráulicas. En el presente trabajo se evaluaron algunas propiedades físicas de las probetas fabricadas con los anteriores materiales con respecto a la Norma Técnica Colombiana, para 5 tipos de mezclas que varían entre 10 y 50 % de cal. Los resultados mostraron que es factible la fabricación de ladrillos sílico-calcáreos para mampostería que cumplen con la NTC 922

A census of X-ray nuclear activity in nearby galaxies

We have studied the X-ray nuclear activity of 187 nearby (distance < 15 Mpc) galaxies observed with Chandra/ACIS. We found that 86 of them have a point-like X-ray core, consistent with an accreting black hole (BH). We argue that the majority of them are nuclear BHs, rather than X-ray binaries. The fraction of galaxies with an X-ray detected nuclear BH is higher (~60 per cent) for ellipticals and early-type spirals (E to Sb), and lower (~30 per cent) for late-type spirals (Sc to Sm). There is no preferential association of X-ray cores with a large-scale bar; in fact, strongly barred galaxies appear to have slightly lower detection fraction and luminosity for their nuclear X-ray sources, compared with non-barred or weakly barred galaxies of similar Hubble types. The cumulative luminosity distribution of the nuclear sources in the 0.3-8 keV band is a power-law with slope ~-0.5, from ~2 x 10^{38} erg/s to ~10^{42} erg/s. The Eddington ratio is lower for ellipticals (L_{X}/L_{Edd} ~ 10^{-8}) and higher for late-type spirals (up to L_{X}/L_{Edd} ~ 10^{-4}), but in all cases, the accretion rate is low enough to be in the radiatively-inefficient regime. The intrinsic NH is generally low, especially for the less luminous sources: there appear to be no Type-2 nuclear BHs at luminosities <~ 10^{39} erg/s. The lack of a dusty torus or of other sources of intrinsic absorption (e.g., an optically-thick disk wind) may be directly related to the lack of a standard accretion disk around those faint nuclear BHs. The fraction of obscured sources increases with the nuclear BH luminosity: 2/3 of the sources with L_{X} > 10^{40} erg/s have a fitted NH > 10^{22} cm^{-2}. This is contrary to the declining trend of the obscured fraction with increasing luminosities, observed in more luminous AGN and quasars.Comment: 27 pages, 353 kB, accepted by Ap

Conceptualization, Definition and Assessment of Internal Logistics through Different Approaches Using Artificial Intelligence

The aim of this chapter is to develop a new concept of internal logistics, its components parts and how to evaluate it. To quantify the level of performance of the internal logistics of a company is an important issue to gain competitiveness. There are few papers now at days that analyze how to quantify this issue. In recent years, it has been developed numerous applications of Fuzzy logic and Neural Networks to solve diverse problems of Engineering. Fuzzy logic is a mathematical tool that emulates the method used for humans for managing and processing information and Neural Networks are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute human brains. Such systems “learn” to perform tasks by considering examples, generally without being programmed with task-specific rules. This chapter offers a new definition of internal logistics and shows the procedure to evaluate its level in a company. This procedure for assessing the internal logistics was developed through an Excel tab, a fuzzy inference system and a neural network. To validate this procedure, it was applied to 93 companies in the Industrial Pole of Manaus. Results obtained by different approaches are very similar, demonstrating the validity of the procedure developed

Role of Scrib and Dlg in anterior-posterior patterning of the follicular epithelium during Drosophila oogenesis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Proper patterning of the follicle cell epithelium over the egg chamber is essential for the <it>Drosophila </it>egg development. Differentiation of the epithelium into several distinct cell types along the anterior-posterior axis requires coordinated activities of multiple signaling pathways. Previously, we reported that <it>lethal(2)giant larvae </it>(<it>lgl</it>), a <it>Drosophila </it>tumor suppressor gene, is required in the follicle cells for the posterior follicle cell (PFC) fate induction at mid-oogenesis. Here we explore the role of another two tumor suppressor genes, <it>scribble </it>(<it>scrib</it>) and <it>discs large </it>(<it>dlg</it>), in the epithelial patterning.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that removal of <it>scrib </it>or <it>dlg </it>function from the follicle cells at posterior terminal of the egg chamber causes a complete loss of the PFC fate. Aberrant specification and differentiation of the PFCs in the mosaic clones can be ascribed to defects in coordinated activation of the EGFR, JAK and Notch signaling pathways in the multilayered cells. Meanwhile, the clonal analysis revealed that loss-of-function mutations in <it>scrib/dlg </it>at the anterior domains result in a partially penetrant phenotype of defective induction of the stretched and centripetal cell fate, whereas specification of the border cell fate can still occur in the most anterior region of the mutant clones. Further, we showed that <it>scrib </it>genetically interacts with <it>dlg </it>in regulating posterior patterning of the epithelium.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this study we provide evidence that <it>scrib </it>and <it>dlg </it>function differentially in anterior and posterior patterning of the follicular epithelium at oogenesis. Further genetic analysis indicates that <it>scrib </it>and <it>dlg </it>act in a common pathway to regulate PFC fate induction. This study may open another window for elucidating role of <it>scrib/dlg </it>in controlling epithelial polarity and cell proliferation during development.</p

Evidence for a Transport-Trap Mode of Drosophila melanogaster gurken mRNA Localization

The Drosophila melanogaster gurken gene encodes a TGF alpha-like signaling molecule that is secreted from the oocyte during two distinct stages of oogenesis to define the coordinate axes of the follicle cell epithelium that surrounds the oocyte and its 15 anterior nurse cells. Because the gurken receptor is expressed throughout the epithelium, axial patterning requires region-specific secretion of Gurken protein, which in turn requires subcellular localization of gurken transcripts. The first stage of Gurken signaling induces anteroposterior pattern in the epithelium and requires the transport of gurken transcripts from nurse cells into the oocyte. The second stage of Gurken signaling induces dorsovental polarity in the epithelium and requires localization of gurken transcripts to the oocyte's anterodorsal corner. Previous studies, relying predominantly on real-time imaging of injected transcripts, indicated that anterodorsal localization involves transport of gurken transcripts to the oocyte's anterior cortex followed by transport to the anterodorsal corner, and anchoring. Such studies further indicated that a single RNA sequence element, the GLS, mediates both transport steps by facilitating association of gurken transcripts with a cytoplasmic dynein motor complex. Finally, it was proposed that the GLS somehow steers the motor complex toward that subset of microtubules that are nucleated around the oocyte nucleus, permitting directed transport to the anterodorsal corner. Here, we re-investigate the role of the GLS using a transgenic fly assay system that includes use of the endogenous gurken promoter and biological rescue as well as RNA localization assays. In contrast to previous reports, our studies indicate that the GLS is sufficient for anterior localization only. Our data support a model in which anterodorsal localization is brought about by repeated rounds of anterior transport, accompanied by specific trapping at the anterodorsal cortex. Our data further indicate that trapping at the anterodorsal corner requires at least one as-yet-unidentified gurken RLE

ESKIMO1 Disruption in Arabidopsis Alters Vascular Tissue and Impairs Water Transport

Water economy in agricultural practices is an issue that is being addressed through studies aimed at understanding both plant water-use efficiency (WUE), i.e. biomass produced per water consumed, and responses to water shortage. In the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the ESKIMO1 (ESK1) gene has been described as involved in freezing, cold and salt tolerance as well as in water economy: esk1 mutants have very low evapo-transpiration rates and high water-use efficiency. In order to establish ESK1 function, detailed characterization of esk1 mutants has been carried out. The stress hormone ABA (abscisic acid) was present at high levels in esk1 compared to wild type, nevertheless, the weak water loss of esk1 was independent of stomata closure through ABA biosynthesis, as combining mutant in this pathway with esk1 led to additive phenotypes. Measurement of root hydraulic conductivity suggests that the esk1 vegetative apparatus suffers water deficit due to a defect in water transport. ESK1 promoter-driven reporter gene expression was observed in xylem and fibers, the vascular tissue responsible for the transport of water and mineral nutrients from the soil to the shoots, via the roots. Moreover, in cross sections of hypocotyls, roots and stems, esk1 xylem vessels were collapsed. Finally, using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, severe chemical modifications of xylem cell wall composition were highlighted in the esk1 mutants. Taken together our findings show that ESK1 is necessary for the production of functional xylem vessels, through its implication in the laying down of secondary cell wall components